{"id":8283,"date":"2025-08-12T01:00:56","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T01:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/?p=8283"},"modified":"2025-08-12T10:12:47","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T10:12:47","slug":"how-structure-food-retail-sector-organised","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/en\/how-structure-food-retail-sector-organised\/","title":{"rendered":"How is the structure of the food retail sector organised?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <strong>food retail<\/strong> sector is one of the most dynamic and complex in the commercial landscape. Its structure is shaped by multiple factors that condition both the shopping experience and business strategy.<\/p>\n<p>In this post we explore <strong>how this sector is articulated according to three main axes:<\/strong> the commercial format, the sales channel and, especially, the business model that supports it.<\/p>\n<p>Understanding these keys is essential for analysing market behaviour, identifying trends and anticipating the movements of the main players in the sector.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Structure of food retailing according to commercial format<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Hypermarkets: <\/strong>these are large supermarkets with more than 2,500 m\u00b2, offering a wide range of food and non-food products and are usually located in peripheral areas or shopping centres. <a href=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/en\/why-large_supermarkets-gaining-market-share-small-supermarkets\/\">Large supermarkets gaining market share <\/a>are currently from small supermarkets.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Supermarkets: <\/strong>are medium-sized (between 400 and 2,500 m\u00b2), have a high turnover of food and household products and are present in urban or neighbourhood areas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Proximity or convenience stores:<\/strong> are small (less than 400 m\u00b2), have extended opening hours, are close to the consumer and are focused on fast and frequent shopping.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Traditional \/ specialised shops:<\/strong> these are butchers, bakeries, greengrocers&#8230; They offer personalised service and local or fresh produce. Although they are losing presence to the large chains, they are still relevant.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Municipal and street markets:<\/strong> these are traditional channels with a strong local presence focused on direct sales by small producers or traders.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Structure of food retailing according to sales channel<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Physical: <\/strong>allows direct contact with the product. Despite the advance of online, it is still the majority.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Online: <\/strong>food e-commerce with models such as home delivery, click &amp; collect or subscriptions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Multichannel and omnichannel: <\/strong>the result of hybrid strategies that integrate physical and online shops to improve the customer experience.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Food retail structure according to business model<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Integrated chains<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Franchises<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Co-operatives<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Purchasing centres or distribution groups<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Cash &amp; carry<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Pure players<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&#8211; Hybrid models<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>INTEGRATED CHAIN<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8179 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Walmart.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>Integrated chains are those <strong>food retail companies that have centralised and unified control over all aspects of the business<\/strong>, from purchasing and procurement to commercial policy, pricing, marketing and point-of-sale management.<\/p>\n<p>An integrated chain is characterised by direct shop ownership, centralised management and a single, consistent brand strategy. In addition, they have <strong>high operational efficiency in terms of cost, margin and process control<\/strong>. They also make intensive use of technology and data to optimise assortment, pricing and distribution.<\/p>\n<p>Integrated chains have a <strong>high penetration of own brands (private label), which generate higher profitability.<\/strong> They achieve this by taking into account numerous <a href=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/en\/requirements-choosing-manufacturer-private-brand-food-sector\/\">requirements for choosing the manufacturer of their private labels <\/a>and by developing a good <a href=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/en\/tools-tips-price-strategy-distributor-brands\/\">pricing strategy for their private labels<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Integrated chains are less dependent on intermediaries or third parties. However, they are less flexible to adapt quickly to very diverse markets and pose a high financial risk if the model fails in one country or market.<\/p>\n<p>Globally, these are the <strong>top 10 leading integrated chains<\/strong> in the world. Many of them are also major players in <a href=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/en\/worlds-top-10-mass-consumption-retail-sector\/\">FMCG retailing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Company<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Country<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Presence<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Characteristics<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.walmart.com\/\"><b>Walmart<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Worldwide<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The world&#8217;s largest fully integrated retailer<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.costco.com\"><b>Costco<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Worldwide<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hybrid B2C\/B2B model with full control of the business<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Schwarz Gruppe<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><b>( Lidl and <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaufland.de\/\"><b>Kaufland<\/b><\/a><b>)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europe, USA, Asia<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strongly integrated with focus on efficiency<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kroger.com\/\"><b>Kroger<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Own chains and private label production<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/aldi.com\/\"><b>Aldi<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europe, USA, Australia<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Integrated discounters<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.carrefour.com\/\"><b>Carrefour<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europe, LatAm, Asia<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although it has franchises, its core is still integration<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tesco.com\/\"><b>Tesco<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Kingdom<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europe, Asia<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Highly integrated at home and direct operations abroad<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mercadona.com\/\"><b>Mercadona<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain, Portugal<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exemplary vertical integration<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aholddelhaize.com\/\"><b>Ahold Delhaize<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Netherlands<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europe, USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chains such as Albert Heijn or Food Lion integrated<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.welcome-aeon.com\/\"><b>Aeon<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Japan<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asia<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Full control in Japan and expansion in South East Asia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>FRANCHISES<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8182 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/7Eleven.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>Franchises are a <strong>business model in which a company (the franchisor) transfers the use of its brand, its business model and its know-how to a third party (the franchisee) in exchange for a fee or percentage of sales<\/strong>. In food, this model allows rapid growth with less direct investment by the parent company.<\/p>\n<p>In this structure, the franchisor also provides training and the supply of products while maintaining some control over the image, commercial policy and assortment. And the franchisee owns the point of sale, invests capital, manages the premises and hires the staff.<\/p>\n<p>Franchising allows for rapid expansion with less financial risk for the franchisor. However, this model offers less control over shop execution, presents a risk of variability in service quality and may involve potential conflicts over profitability or strategic decisions.<\/p>\n<p>Globally, this is the <strong>top 10 leading franchises<\/strong> in the world.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Company<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Country\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Business Model<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Presence<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>7-Eleven<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA \/ Japan<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100% franchised<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Worldwide (Asia and America)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Carrefour Express<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mixed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europe, LatAm, Asia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Circle K<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Canada \/ USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Franchise + own<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global, very strong in North America<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>SPAR<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Netherlands<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Licence \/ franchise<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europe, Africa, Asia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>FamilyMart<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Japan<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mostly franchising<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Lawson<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Japan<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High franchising<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Japan, China<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>DIA<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mixed, high franchise presence<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain, Portugal, Brazil, Argentina<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>AMPM<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100% franchised<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">America<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Go Mart<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mexico<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mainly franchises<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mexico<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Netto Marken-Discount<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Partial franchise<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>COOPERATIVES<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8269 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/edeka.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>Co-operatives are <strong>associations of independent retailers (usually small supermarkets or grocery shops) that come together to compete with large chains.<\/strong> They do this by sharing branding, purchasing, logistics, technology and marketing, but retaining ownership and management of their shops.<\/p>\n<p>They are characterised <strong>by decentralised ownership<\/strong> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(each shop is independent) and shared decision-making among the partners. In other words, <\/span><strong>each shop or member participates in the cooperative with a voice and a vote and undertakes to follow common rules<\/strong> (image, assortment, suppliers, etc.).<\/p>\n<p>The cooperative <strong>centralises purchases to negotiate better prices<\/strong> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and offers its members logistics, common services, co-branding, training and technology. In addition, it <\/span><strong>operates as a non-profit collective enterprise<\/strong>, so profits are reinvested or shared among the members.<\/p>\n<p>This model makes it possible to offer greater competitiveness compared to integrated chains, promotes the local economy, local commerce and democratic participation in decision-making. However, <strong>it is more unequal in terms of shop managemen<\/strong>t, involves a risk of lack of coordination if standards are not well followed, and is dependent on the collective commitment of the partners.<\/p>\n<p>Globally, this is the <strong>top 10 leading cooperatives<\/strong> in the world.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Company<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Country<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>No. of shops<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Characteristics<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edeka.de\/\"><b>EDEKA<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+11.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Highly decentralised network, leader in Germany.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>REWE Group<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+10.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retail co-operative with national strength.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Coop Italia<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Italy<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+4.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strong presence in the north of the country.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Leclerc (E. Leclerc)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+750 (hyper and supermarkets)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Co-operative of retailers with a very strong brand.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Eroski<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+1.300<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consumer cooperative, integrated in Mondragon.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Covir\u00e1n<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain \/ Portugal<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+2.800<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retailers&#8217; co-operative, strong in neighbourhoods and villages.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Syst\u00e8me U<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+1.500<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Union of independent retailers under a common brand name.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Foodstuffs<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New Zealand<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+700<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supermarket co-operative (New World, Pak&#8217;nSave).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Migros (mixed)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Switzerland<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+600<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Co-operative model with vertical integration.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Federated Co-operatives Ltd. (FCL)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Canada<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+500<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Network of regional co-operatives that form a large centralised network.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>CENTRAL PURCHASING\/DISTRIBUTION GROUPS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8272 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/euromadi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>Purchasing centres or distribution groups are <strong>alliances of independent shops or regional chains that group together to negotiate jointly with suppliers, obtain better purchasing conditions and compete with the large integrated distributors<\/strong>. They do not directly manage shops, but support companies or cooperatives that maintain their commercial autonomy, but benefit from the collective purchasing power.<\/p>\n<p>In this way, there is total independence of the sales outlets while all of them benefit from cost reductions thanks to economies of scale.<\/p>\n<p>Each member of the group (shop, chain or cooperative) is legally independent, maintains its own image (although they sometimes share a brand) and benefits from the conditions negotiated by the head office. Meanwhile, the purchasing centre negotiates with suppliers on behalf of the group and can centralise logistical services, promotions, technology or marketing.<\/p>\n<p>Purchasing centres or distribution groups are a strength for their members vis-\u00e0-vis suppliers and manufacturers, as they can apply <a href=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/en\/strategies-negotiating-competitive-prices-food-suppliers\/\">strategies to negotiate competitive prices with food suppliers<\/a>. It also gives them access to their own brands and a common assortment. However, there is no direct control over commercial execution and there is the possibility of conflicts of interest between members.<\/p>\n<p>Globally, this is the <strong>top 10 purchasing centres<\/strong> in the world.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Company<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Country\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>No. of partners<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Characteristics<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>EDEKA Zentrale AG<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+11,000 shops<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Combines central purchasing and cooperative functions.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Retail Trade Group (Ahold Delhaize)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Netherlands<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+7.000 shops<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supports multiple local chains (Albert Heijn, Delhaize, etc.).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>AMS Sourcing B.V.<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Netherlands<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+100.000 shops (indirect)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Groups large European retailers for common purchasing.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Coopernic<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luxembourg<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+20.000 shops<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alliance of European distributors (Coop Italia, E.Leclerc&#8230;).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euromadi.es\/\"><b>EUROMADI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+16,000 points of sale<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leading distribution network in Spain, strong in own brands.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>INTERMARCH\u00c9 (Les Mousquetaires)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+1,800 shops<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although it manages its own shops, it acts as a head office for partners.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>SUPERUNIE<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Netherlands<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+1,800 supermarkets<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central for 13 regional chains in the Netherlands.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>IFA Retail Group<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+11,000 shops<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spanish head office for regional chains (Bon Preu, Gadisa, etc.).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Associated Wholesale Grocers (AWG)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+3.400 shops<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Large co-operative centre for independent supermarkets.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Topco Associates<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+1,000 chains\/partners<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Purchasing centre for large co-operatives and chains in the USA.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>CASH &amp; CARRY<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8275 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/metro.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>Cash &amp; carry are <strong>self-service wholesale establishments aimed at professionals and businesses, such as bars, restaurants, hotels (HORECA channel), small retailers or self-employed.<\/strong> The name comes from the way they work: the customer pays cash (&#8220;cash&#8221;) and transports the goods on his own (&#8220;carry&#8221;). They are oriented towards professional buyers who need large volumes of product at competitive prices.<\/p>\n<p>They sell exclusively to professionals, as registration or a customer card is required; they offer prices excluding VAT and their model is self-service in large supermarkets: customers select, load and transport the goods. They have a wide assortment, especially in food, beverages, cleaning products, household goods and catering. Their location is peripheral and logistical: with easy access and parking for large vehicles. Some incorporate delivery services (hybrid cash &amp; carry model +\u00a0 delivery).<\/p>\n<p>Globally, this is the <strong>top 10 leading cash and carry<\/strong> in the world.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Company<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Country of origin<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>No. of locations<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Characteristics<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metroag.de\/\"><b>METRO AG<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+670<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World leader in the model; present in Europe and Asia.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Makro<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Kingdom \/ Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+100 (only in Europe and LatAm)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International brand of the Metro Group.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Costco Business Center<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+20 (B2B focused)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Professional variant of the giant Costco.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Sam&#8217;s Club<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+600<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hybrid model: private and corporate members.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Spar Wholesale<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Netherlands<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mixed network<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wholesale supply for Spar shops and professionals.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>GM Cash \/ Transgourmet<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain \/ Switzerland<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+400 (complete group)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specialised in HORECA in Europe.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>DistriClub<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+250<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Professional model linked to Syst\u00e8me U.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Booker Wholesale<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Kingdom<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+170<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subsidiary of Tesco, wholesaler to the on-trade.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Bidfood<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">South Africa \/ Global<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+100<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B2B distributor with presence in Europe, Asia and Africa.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Recheio (Sonae)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Portugal<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">+40<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leading Cash &amp; Carry in Portugal, part of the Sonae group.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>PURE PLAYERS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8173 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/AmazonFresh.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>Pure players are <strong>companies that sell exclusively online, without traditional physical shops, operating through e-commerce platforms.<\/strong> In the food sector, these players have revolutionised the traditional model, focusing their proposal on efficient logistics, fast delivery and digital customer experience.<\/p>\n<p>They have specialised logistics for home delivery, are technology and data intensive, and offer flexibility in assortment and customisation.<\/p>\n<p>This model does not have physical shops open to the public, although some operate <i>dark stores <\/i>or urban distribution centres. <strong>They sell products through apps, websites<\/strong> or <a href=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/en\/best-ecommerce-platforms-selling-food\/\">external platforms.<\/a> They offer services such as home delivery in 10 minutes, 1 hour or in scheduled time slots. They also develop personalised offers and allow subscriptions or automated purchases. Some operate only in the food sector, others combine household, beauty, hygiene or pet products.<\/p>\n<p>They have a high flexibility of assortment and promotions, their structural costs are lower than a network of physical shops and they allow easy digital geographic expansion. However, they are highly dependent on logistics, which is costly and complex. They have low visibility without a strong brand and difficulty in building loyalty.<\/p>\n<p>Globally, these are the <strong>top 10 leading pure players<\/strong> in the world.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Company<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Country\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Geographic scope<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Characteristics<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Amazon Fresh<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA, UK, Japan, Germany&#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global leader in online grocery. Integrated with Amazon Prime.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Ocado<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Kingdom<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UK + global alliances<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pioneer in technology and automation. Supplies other chains.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>FreshDirect<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">East Coast USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specialises in fresh and local produce.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Ulabox<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First 100% online supermarket in Spain.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Instacart<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA, Canada<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Logistics intermediary between physical shops and the end customer.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Getir<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Turkey<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europe, USA, Middle East<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ultra-fast deliveries (10 minutes). Focus on convenience.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Gorillas<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europe<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban dark stores and deliveries in 10-15 minutes.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>BigBasket<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leading Indian e-grocery. Now owned by Tata Group.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>MissFresh<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mobile app with deliveries from urban centres.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Dingdong Maicai<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focus on fresh produce. Own production + logistics model.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>HYBRID \/ OMNICHANNEL MODELS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8278 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/auchan.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>Hybrid models are <strong>those that combine physical presence (traditional shops) with online sales<\/strong>, strategically integrating both channels to improve customer experience, operational efficiency and loyalty.<\/p>\n<p>These models seek to take advantage of the best of digital pure players (convenience, speed, personalisation) and physical retailers (trust, direct experience, immediate assortment).<\/p>\n<p>They are characterised by offering click &amp; collect and home delivery; and by having their own apps. In addition, they allow the integration of inventories and promotions in all channels.<\/p>\n<p><strong>They are fully omni-channel: the customer can start shopping in one channel and finish it in another.<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This is possible thanks to the integration of data and the use of CRM to personalise offers and promotions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>This model offers greater customer coverage, allows multi-channel loyalty, facilitates logistical efficiency by taking advantage of the existing network and allows competition with pure players without abandoning the physical core. However, it involves high digitalisation and technology costs and requires complex internal coordination. Moreover,<strong> there is a risk of cannibalisation between channels.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hybrid models are set to dominate the future of food retailing, as they are the most adaptable to consumer expectations. The key to success lies in channel consistency, logistical efficiency and personalisation of the shopping experience.<\/p>\n<p>Globally, this is the <strong>top 10 of the world&#8217;s leading hybrid models<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Company<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Country\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Features<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Walmart<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advanced omnichannel model, with in-store deliveries, own marketplace and strong digital investment.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Carrefour<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European leader in digital integration: apps, e-commerce, in-store pick-up and delivery.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Tesco<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Kingdom<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extensive online channel, click &amp; collect, home delivery and digitisation of assortment.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Aldi S\u00fcd \/ Nord<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germany<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Progressive development of online sales and apps in key markets such as UK and US.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auchan-retail.com\/en\/\"><b>Auchan<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phygital strategy (physical + digital), strong in Eastern Europe and Asia.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Kroger<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Partnership with Ocado for online automation, click &amp; collect, own apps.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Albertsons<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">USA<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Investment in delivery, personalised apps, marketplace and hybrid services.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>El Corte Ingl\u00e9s<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pioneer in omnichannel in Spain. Integrated App, online sales and physical points of sale.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Mercadona<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evolving hybrid model, with revamped online shop and network of logistics hives.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Casino Group<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">France<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mobile applications, shop automation, ecommerce in Monoprix and Franprix.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6837\" src=\"https:\/\/autorfoods.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/luzbombilla.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/>The structure of food retailing is evolving at the pace of social, technological and economic change. Analysing how the different commercial formats, sales channels and business models combine allows us to better understand companies&#8217; strategies and to anticipate new dynamics in the relationship with the consumer. In an increasingly competitive and digitalised context,<strong> knowing these keys is vital for professionals in the sector.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The food retail sector is one of the most dynamic and complex in the commercial landscape. Its structure is shaped by multiple factors that condition both the shopping experience and business strategy. In this post we explore how this sector is articulated according to three&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8281,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How is the structure of the food retail sector organised?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"All the keys to understanding the structure of food retail: commercial format, sales channel, and business model.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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